肯尼亞是全球第三大茶葉生產(chǎn)國(guó)，但其大部分產(chǎn)品是商品級(jí)紅茶。2021年產(chǎn)量達(dá)到5.37億公斤，其中只有十分之一是傳統(tǒng)工藝加工的整葉片或碎葉茶。
Kenya is the third largest tea-producing country by volume, but most of its output is commodity-grade black tea. In 2021 volume reached 537 million kilos. Only a tenth of that total is orthodox processed whole and broken-leaf tea.
去年肯尼亞出口總量為5589.25億公斤。2021年茶葉出口額超過13.6億美元，占肯尼亞外匯收入的22%。主要出口市場(chǎng)是巴基斯坦、埃及、英國(guó)、蘇丹和阿聯(lián)酋?？夏醽唽?duì)美國(guó)的茶葉出口量增加至3,535噸。加拿大在2021年進(jìn)口了1,086噸肯尼亞茶葉。
Exports totaled 558,925 million kilos last year. In 2021 tea exports topped $1.36 billion (Ksh135 billion), which was 22% of Kenya’s foreign exchange earnings. The main export markets are Pakistan, Egypt, the United Kingdom, Sudan, and the UAE. Exports to the US are on the rise at 3,535 metric tons. Canada imported 1,086 metric tons of Kenyan tea in 2021.
肯尼亞茶葉出口占茶葉總產(chǎn)量的92%，國(guó)內(nèi)飲茶者消費(fèi)剩余的8%。
Tea exports account for 92% of total tea production. Domestic tea drinkers consume the remaining 8%.
十七家工廠獲得條形茶和特種茶的生產(chǎn)許可。東非大裂谷以西種植約3130萬公斤茶葉，東非大裂谷以東種植1500萬公斤茶葉(主要由小農(nóng)生產(chǎn)者種植)。
Seventeen factories are licensed to produce orthodox and specialty tea. Approximately 31.3 million kilos are grown west of the Great Rift Valley, and 15 million kilos are grown east of the rift (mainly by smallholders).
10月，威廉·魯托總統(tǒng)宣布，政府將在東貢昆都建造一座現(xiàn)代化的公共設(shè)施，用于加工和包裝茶葉。這個(gè)公私合營(yíng)企業(yè)將增加產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值，并擴(kuò)大條形紅茶的供應(yīng)量。
In October, President William Ruto announced that the government would construct a modern common-use facility in Dongo Kundu to process and package tea. The public-private venture will add value to commodity offerings and expand the availability of orthodox black tea.
同時(shí)，肯尼亞茶葉發(fā)展局(KTDA)要求政府提供8億肯尼亞先令(600萬美元)，以擴(kuò)大其12家條形紅茶生產(chǎn)廠中10家工廠的生產(chǎn)線。肯尼亞茶葉發(fā)展局目前生產(chǎn)500萬公斤的高價(jià)值特種茶。例如，白茶每公斤可帶來7000肯尼亞先令(58美元)。紫茶的拍賣價(jià)格為每公斤2400肯尼亞先令(20美元)，而 CTC紅茶的價(jià)格為每公斤 270 肯尼亞先令(2.25 美元)。
Simultaneously the Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) asked the government for Ksh800 million ($6 million) to expand production lines at 10 of its 12 orthodox tea factories. KTDA currently produces five million kilos of high-value specialty tea. White teas, for example, bring as much as Ksh7000 ($58) per kilogram. Purple teas are auctioned for Ksh2400 ($20) per kilo compared to CTC (crush, tear, curl) teas that sell for Ksh270 ($2.25) per kilo.
肯尼亞在兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)看到了機(jī)會(huì)。首先，非洲新的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定鼓勵(lì)鄰國(guó)購(gòu)買包裝茶以供國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)?？夏醽喿罱蚣蛹{運(yùn)送了大量 Ketepa Pride品牌產(chǎn)品，這是《非洲大陸自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》下的第一批貨物。肯尼亞將摩洛哥、毛里求斯和突尼斯列為潛在的貿(mào)易伙伴。
Kenya sees opportunities in two markets. First, Africa’s new free agreement encourages neighboring countries to purchase packaged teas for domestic consumption. Kenya recently sent a large shipment of its Ketepa Pride national brand to Ghana, a first under the African Free Trade Continental Area (AFCFTA) pact. Kenya named Morocco, Mauritius, and Tunisia as potential trade partners.
擴(kuò)大條形茶葉生產(chǎn)也使肯尼亞能夠更有利地與斯里蘭卡競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，斯里蘭卡的優(yōu)質(zhì)錫蘭茶產(chǎn)量下降了20%。斯里蘭卡紅茶的售價(jià)是肯尼亞散裝紅茶價(jià)格的兩倍多。為了加快生產(chǎn)，肯尼亞茶葉發(fā)展局增加了補(bǔ)貼，將化肥成本從Ksh6000降低到Ksh3500，他們的目標(biāo)是每公噸 Ksh2,500到Ksh300。
Expanding orthodox production also enables Kenya to compete better with Sri Lanka, which has seen a 20% decline in the output of premium Ceylon teas. Sri Lanka black teas sell for more than double the price of bulk black teas from Kenya. To accelerate production, KTDA increased subsidies reducing the cost of fertilizer from Ksh6,000 to Ksh3,500 with a target of between Ksh2,500 and Ksh300 per metric ton.
肯尼亞茶葉委員會(huì)首席執(zhí)行官M(fèi)udida說，肯尼亞茶葉委員會(huì)正在與政府或非政府機(jī)構(gòu)合作，為了發(fā)展和增強(qiáng)肯尼亞茶葉品牌。她說，“我們的目標(biāo)是讓全球茶葉消費(fèi)者能夠區(qū)分肯尼亞茶葉品牌，并將肯尼亞茶葉產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)和來源聯(lián)系起來”。
Mudida says the Tea Board of Kenya is collaborating with state and non-state actors to develop and promote a strong Kenya tea brand. The goal is to “enable tea consumers globally to distinguish Kenya tea brands and associate Kenya tea products for their quality and authenticity,” she said.
Mudida寫道，“肯尼亞并沒有放棄批量生產(chǎn)。我們希望澄清，政府政策是逐步提高茶葉價(jià)值以提高茶農(nóng)的收入。政府并沒有禁止大量銷售茶葉”。
Kenya is not abandoning bulk production, writes Mudida. “We wish to clarify that it is government policy to upscale tea value addition progressively to enhance tea growers’ earnings. The government has not banned the sale of tea in bulk” she said.
Mudida預(yù)計(jì)將獲得可觀的投資回報(bào)。她說，“我們預(yù)計(jì)，通過這些激勵(lì)措施，肯尼亞茶產(chǎn)業(yè)可以創(chuàng)造約80000個(gè)新工作崗位，并大幅增加年度行業(yè)回報(bào)。”
Mudida anticipates a solid return on investment.
“We project that through these incentives, Kenya’s tea industry could generate about 80,000 new jobs and increase annual industry returns substantially,” she said
來源：中國(guó)茶葉流通協(xié)會(huì)
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